Setting Up Nginx and TYPO3 CMS on Debian 12¶

This guide will help you set up nginx and TYPO3 CMS on your headless Debian 12 machine.

Prerequisites¶

SSH access to your Debian 12 machine
Root or sudo privileges

Step 1: Install Nginx Web Server¶

SSH into your remote machine:

ssh username@your_remote_ip

Update your system:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y

Install Nginx:

sudo apt install nginx -y

Start and enable Nginx:

sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl enable nginx

Check if Nginx is running:

sudo systemctl status nginx

Configure firewall to allow HTTP and HTTPS traffic:

sudo apt install ufw -y
sudo ufw allow 'Nginx Full'
sudo ufw enable

Step 2: Install MariaDB (MySQL)¶

Install MariaDB:

sudo apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client -y

Start and enable MariaDB:

sudo systemctl start mariadb
sudo systemctl enable mariadb

Secure your MariaDB installation:

sudo mysql_secure_installation

- Press Enter for the current password (there is none by default) - Type 'Y' to set a root password, and enter a strong password - Answer 'Y' to all remaining questions

Create a database and user for TYPO3:

sudo mysql -u root -p

Once in the MySQL prompt, run:

CREATE DATABASE typo3db CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
CREATE USER 'typo3user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_strong_password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON typo3db.* TO 'typo3user'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;

Step 3: Install PHP and Required Extensions¶

TYPO3 requires PHP 8.1 or higher. Let's install PHP 8.2:

sudo apt install php8.2-fpm php8.2-cli php8.2-common php8.2-mysql php8.2-zip php8.2-gd php8.2-mbstring php8.2-curl php8.2-xml php8.2-bcmath php8.2-intl php8.2-soap php8.2-imap php8.2-opcache php8.2-apcu -y

Check PHP version:

php -v

Configure PHP-FPM:

sudo nano /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini

Make the following adjustments:

upload_max_filesize = 50M
post_max_size = 50M
memory_limit = 256M
max_execution_time = 240
date.timezone = Your/Timezone

Restart PHP-FPM:

sudo systemctl restart php8.2-fpm

Step 4: Install Composer¶

Install Composer (PHP dependency manager):

curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | sudo php -- --install-dir=/usr/local/bin --filename=composer

Verify the installation:

composer --version

Step 5: Download and Set Up TYPO3¶

Create a web directory for your TYPO3 installation:

sudo mkdir -p /var/www/typo3
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/typo3
sudo chmod -R 775 /var/www/typo3

Add your user to the www-data group to easily manage files:

sudo usermod -a -G www-data $USER

Log out and log back in for the group changes to take effect:

exit
# SSH back in
ssh username@your_remote_ip

Navigate to the web directory:

cd /var/www/typo3

Download TYPO3 using Composer:

composer create-project typo3/cms-base-distribution .

Set proper permissions for TYPO3:

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/typo3
sudo find /var/www/typo3 -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;
sudo find /var/www/typo3 -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;
sudo mkdir -p /var/www/typo3/var/{assets,indexes,lock,log,transient}
sudo chmod -R 777 /var/www/typo3/var

Step 6: Configure Nginx for TYPO3¶

Create a server block for TYPO3:

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/typo3

Add the following configuration:

href="#__codelineno-25-1">server { listen 80; server_name localhost; # Or your IP address or domain root /var/www/typo3/public; index index.php index.html; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$is_args$args; } location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_param TYPO3_CONTEXT Development; } # Static files location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ { expires max; log_not_found off; } # Deny access to sensitive files location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } location ~ \.git { deny all; } client_max_body_size 50m; }

Enable the site:

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/typo3 /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
sudo rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default # Remove default site
sudo nginx -t # Test the configuration
sudo systemctl reload nginx

Step 7: Complete TYPO3 Installation¶

Access the TYPO3 installation wizard by navigating to your server's IP address in a web browser:

http://your_server_ip

Follow the TYPO3 installation wizard: 1. Select language 2. Check system environment (fix any issues) 3. Database connection: - Username: typo3user - Password: your_strong_password - Host: localhost - Database: typo3db 4. Create an admin user 5. Select a site setup

Step 8: Development Access¶

For remote development, you can access your web server through SSH tunneling:

ssh -L 8080:localhost:80 username@your_remote_ip

Then access your TYPO3 installation at:

http://localhost:8080

Alternatively, you can allow external access by modifying your firewall settings:

sudo ufw allow 80/tcp

Step 9: Install Git for Version Control¶

sudo apt install git -y

Configure Git:

git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "[email protected]"

Additional Tips¶

Performance Monitoring:
```
sudo apt install htop -y
```
Regular Backups: Create a backup script for your TYPO3 site:
```
sudo nano /opt/backup-typo3.sh
```

Add this content:

#!/bin/bash
BACKUP_DIR="/opt/backups/typo3"
MYSQL_USER="typo3user"
MYSQL_PASS="your_strong_password"
MYSQL_DB="typo3db"
DATE=$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S)

# Create backup directory if it doesn't exist
mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR

# Backup the database
mysqldump -u $MYSQL_USER -p$MYSQL_PASS $MYSQL_DB > $BACKUP_DIR/typo3db_$DATE.sql

# Backup the files
tar -czf $BACKUP_DIR/typo3_files_$DATE.tar.gz -C /var/www/typo3 .

# Remove backups older than 7 days
find $BACKUP_DIR -type f -name "*.sql" -mtime +7 -delete
find $BACKUP_DIR -type f -name "*.tar.gz" -mtime +7 -delete

Make it executable:

sudo chmod +x /opt/backup-typo3.sh

Add it to crontab for automatic daily backups:

sudo crontab -e

Add this line:

0 4 * * * /opt/backup-typo3.sh